How Does Effective Temperature Vary Among Different Types of Stars?

Effective temperature varies widely among different types of stars. For instance, O-type stars are extremely hot, with temperatures exceeding 30,000 K, while M-type stars (red dwarfs) have much cooler temperatures, often below 3,500 K. This variation is reflected in their spectral characteristics and luminosities. Understanding these differences helps astronomers to study stellar formation, evolution, and the overall dynamics of galaxies.