What are the Challenges in Studying Type Ia Supernovae?

Despite their importance, there are several challenges:

1. Progenitor Systems: The exact nature of the progenitor systems of Type Ia supernovae remains a subject of research. There are two primary models: the single-degenerate model, involving a white dwarf and a non-degenerate companion, and the double-degenerate model, involving two white dwarfs.
2. Explosion Mechanisms: The precise mechanism of the explosion is still not fully understood. Various models, such as the delayed detonation model and the deflagration to detonation transition, are proposed to explain the observed properties.
3. Effects of Environment: The environment in which the supernova occurs can affect its observed properties, complicating the use of Type Ia supernovae as standard candles.